Biochemical changes and gene expression in mutant ‘Tai Nguyen’ rice variety in response to gamma irradiation and salt stress

Trinh Ngoc AI; Thi Kim Nhu TRAN; Thi Thuy Duong TRAN; Minh Hiep NGUYEN; Nam Anh Phu BUI; Van Quang TA; Khac Nhu NGHI

doi:10.55779/nsb18112800

Authors

Trinh Ngoc AI Tra Vinh University, Biotechnology Institution, No. 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh Street, Hoa Thuan Ward, Vinh Long (VN) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-2595
Thi Kim Nhu TRAN Tra Vinh University, Biotechnology Institution, No. 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh Street, Hoa Thuan Ward, Vinh Long (VN)
Thi Thuy Duong TRAN Tra Vinh University, Biotechnology Institution, No. 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh Street, Hoa Thuan Ward, Vinh Long (VN)
Minh Hiep NGUYEN Dalat Nuclear Research Institute in Vietnam, No. 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Da Lat, Lam Dong (VN) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8441-5769
Nam Anh Phu BUI Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Faculty of Biotechnology, No. 97 Vo Van Tan Street, Xuan Hoa Ward, Ho Chi Minh City (VN) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-0893
Van Quang TA Tan Tao University, Tan Duc, Ecity, Duc Hoa, Tay Ninh (VN) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-8354
Khac Nhu NGHI Tra Vinh University, Biotechnology Institution, No. 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh Street, Hoa Thuan Ward, Vinh Long (VN) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-7227

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb18112800

Keywords:

gamma radiation, Mekong Delta, OsHAK5, OsGST, OsSKC1, salt stress, ‘Tai Nguyen’

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital staple crop globally, but its susceptibility to salt stress poses significant challenges to productivity, particularly in regions like the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Saline intrusion in this area induces osmotic stress, hampers germination, and alters root morphology. In this study, we focus on the potential role of gamma irradiation in mitigating salt stress in rice. Mutant ‘Tai Nguyen’ seeds with different gamma doses (0-control, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 Gray) were put under various NaCl concentrations (0 - control; 1‰; 2‰; 3‰; and 4‰). The results showed that the average germination time was approximately 1.7 days, with slight delay under 4‰ NaCl (2.7 days). A decrease of growth parameters under 300 Gy, 4‰ NaCl was 11.1% for the average germination percentage and 52.1 mm for plant height, compared to 0 Gy, 0‰ NaCl. The highest chlorophyll content (2.10 mg g^-1 f.wt) was recorded at 100 Gy under non-saline conditions, while higher radiation doses resulted in a gradual decline in chlorophyll levels. A high relative water content remained (≈83%) under moderate doses (100–150 Gy) but declined 10.1% at 300 Gy, 4‰ NaCl. Na⁺ accumulation increased with rising salinity levels, whereas K⁺ concentrations decreased under high irradiation doses. A treatment of 100 Gy, 0‰ NaCl showed the largest root diameter was 595.1 µm and smallest diameter at 307.8 µm under 300 Gy combined with 4‰ NaCl. In addition, gene expression levels of OsSKC1, OsGST, and OsHAK5 showed upregulation trends under 100 Gy, suggesting improved ion homeostasis and enhanced antioxidative defense mechanisms under moderate irradiation. Overall, these findings underscore the nuanced effects of gamma radiation on rice resilience to salt stress in ‘Tai Nguyen’ rice seedlings, highlighting the importance of irradiation dose optimization for potential agricultural applications.

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