Characterization of leaves of non-traditional plant species with respect to micro-, macro-, and trace elements

Olga GRYGORIEVA; Olena VERGUN; Mykhailo ZHURBA; Judita LIDIKOVÁ; Natália ČERYOVÁ; Jan BRINDZA

doi:10.55779/nsb17412754

Authors

Olga GRYGORIEVA M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv (UA) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1161-0018
Olena VERGUN M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv (UA) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-1580
Mykhailo ZHURBA M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv (UA) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-3961
Judita LIDIKOVÁ Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra (SK) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-4300
Natália ČERYOVÁ Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Institute of Food Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra (SK) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-5131
Jan BRINDZA Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Trieda Andreja Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra (SK) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8388-8233

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb17412754

Keywords:

leaves, macroelements, microelements, non-traditional plants

Abstract

The exploration of non-traditional fruit species is gaining attention due to their potential to contribute to food security, human health, and sustainable agriculture. Leaves of such species are often underutilized, despite being rich in minerals and bioactive compounds that may support nutritional and pharmacological applications. This study investigated the elemental composition of leaves from eleven non-traditional fruit species (Amelanchier alnifolia, Asimina triloba, Chaenomeles japonica, Cornus mas, Diospyros lotus, Hippophae rhamnoides, Mahonia aquifolium, Morus nigra, Pseudocydonia sinensis, Schisandra chinensis, Ziziphus jujuba) cultivated under uniform conditions at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (Kyiv, Ukraine). A total of 18 elements were quantified in dried leaf material, including macroelements (K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Na), trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Se), and potentially trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Hg, Pb). Potassium was the dominant macroelement in all species, with the highest concentration in Morus nigra (26,079.2 mg/kg DW). Distinct accumulators were identified: Schisandra chinensis (P: 4,138.2 mg/kg; Se: 0.29 mg/kg), Chaenomeles japonica (Ca: 27,981.6 mg/kg; Zn: 48.7 mg/kg; Se: 0.74 mg/kg), and Hippophae rhamnoides (Fe: 114.6 mg/kg; Mn: 82.4 mg/kg). Essential trace elements relevant for metabolic and antioxidant activity (Zn, Cu, Mn, Se) were consistently detected at physiologically significant levels. Trace elements (Cd, Hg, Pb, As) occurred at low concentrations, below international safety thresholds. Cluster analysis distinguished three groups of species with characteristic accumulation patterns. One group (Schisandra chinensis, Mahonia aquifolium, Hippophae rhamnoides) demonstrated particularly high mineral content and pharmacological potential. In conclusion, pronounced interspecific variability was revealed, with several species showing outstanding enrichment in valuable elements. These findings support the safe and targeted use of non-traditional fruit leaves as promising raw materials for functional foods, nutraceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals.

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