Protective effect of nano emulsions containing rosemary on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb17212342Keywords:
hippocampal, ischemia /reperfusion, nano emulsions, rosemaryAbstract
Stroke remains a significant global health concern, particularly ischemic stroke, which accounts for approximately 87% of all strokes and contributes to high mortality and long-term disabilities. This study investigates the use of rosemary-based nanoemulsions to enhance the bioavailability of antioxidant compounds, aiming to provide a novel neuroprotective strategy to mitigate I/R injury and improve outcomes for stroke survivors. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of rosemary (named AE and HE, respectively) were incorporated into nanoemulsions. Characterization of the nanoemulsions was performed for hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. An I/R injury model was induced through carotid artery occlusion for 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion. Animals were divided into eight groups receiving 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg concentrations of AE and HE over 21 days post-reperfusion. In vitro assays involved culturing hippocampal cells with the same nanoemulsion treatments, with cell viability assessed via MTT assays and apoptosis evaluated by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Additionally, gene expression analysis was conducted via real-time PCR for apoptosis-related genes, including caspase-3, BAX, and BCL2. Characterization revealed that the hydrodynamic diameters of HE and AE nanoemulsions were approximately 700 nm and 10 nm, respectively. HE nanoemulsions significantly enhanced cell viability and reduced apoptosis, with a notable decrease in pro-apoptotic gene BAX and caspase-3 expression in treated groups, suggesting Rosemary nanoemulsions may mitigate I/R injury effects. The study demonstrated that I/R injury could be mitigated by pre-treatment with both rosemary HE and AE, with the HE nanoemulsion at a 200 mg/kg dose being more effective in protecting the hippocampus.
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