Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of leaf extract of Juglans regia: Insight into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

Authors

  • Olukemi R. ADEBAYO Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Applied Sciences, Iree (NG)
  • Bosede M. ADEGOKE Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Applied Sciences, Iree (NG)
  • Johnson O. OLADELE Kings University, Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ode-Omu, Osun State; Royal Scientific Research Institute, Phytochemistry and Phytomedicine Research Unit, Osun State (NG)
  • Fatai AFOLABI Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Applied Sciences, Iree (NG)
  • Omonike O. EFUNWOLE Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Science, Laboratory Technology, Iree (NG)
  • Suraj A. SHITTU Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Applied Sciences, Iree (NG)
  • Olumide A. OYETADE Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Applied Sciences, Iree (NG)
  • Adetoro A. ADEDOKUN Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Applied Sciences, Iree (NG)
  • Olusola A. ADEDAYO (NG)
  • Lateef A. AROGUNDADE Osun State Polytechnic, Department of Food Science and Technology, Iree (NG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16211872

Keywords:

acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neurodegenerative diseases

Abstract

Neuroinflammation, depletion of acetylcholine and neuronal oxidative stress are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This study sought to investigate in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous leaf extract of Juglans regia. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities of the extract were evaluated using different appropriate techniques. The extract showed substantial free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity by markedly scavenging hydroxyl radical, DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, with concomitant high free radical reducing power. Similarly, lipid peroxidation and inflammation were significantly inhibited by the extract. The extract elicited acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory potential of 45.49%, suggesting they could be beneficial in managing neurodegenerative diseases. These biological activities can be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the extract. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins and GCMS identified phytochemicals including vanillic acid, p-Coumaric acid, caffeic acid, squalene. This study concluded that the aqueous leaf extract of J. regia exhibited significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities which could be beneficial in mitigating the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, thus, it could be explored as health-promoting dietary supplements/ products.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Acarsoy-Bilgin N (2022). Morphological characterization of pollen in some varieties of walnut (Juglans regia). International Journal of Fruit Science 22:471-480. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2022.2060895

Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), World Alzheimer Report (2019). Attitudes to Dementia, Alzheimer’s Disease International, London, UK, 2019.

Avelia S, Mauldina MG, Elya B (2017). Antioxidant activity and lipoxygenase inhibitory assay with total flavonoid content of Garcinia lateriflora blume leaves extract. Asian Journal Pharmaceutical Clinic Resources 10(5):163-165. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s5.23122

Balkis A, Tran K, Lee YZ, Ng K (2015). Screening flavonoids for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase identified baicalein as the most potent inhibitor. Journal of Agricultural Science 7:26-35. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v7n9p26

Bello KO, Nwozo SO, Oladele JO (2015). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the separate and combined administration of methanolic extract of Adasonia digitata and Cochorous olitorious leaves on rats. Ilorin Journal of Science 2(1):241-261.

Bhat AA, Shakeel A, Rafiq S, Farooq I, Malik AQ, Alghuthami ME, Alharthi S, Qanash H, Alharthy SA (2023). Juglans regia Linn.: A natural repository of vital phytochemical and pharmacological compounds. Life 13(2):380. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020380

Borek C (2001). Antioxidant health effect of aged garlic extract. Journal of Nutrition 131:1010S1015S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/131.3.1010S

Chakraborty K, Paulraj R (2010). Sesquiterpenoids with free radical scavenging properties from marine macroalga Ulva fasciata Delile. Food Chemistry 122:31-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.02.012

Cheeseman KH, Holley AE (1993). Measuring free radicals reaction in vivo. British Medical Bulletin 49:491-505. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072626

Cohen D, Dembiec D, Marcus J (1970). Measurement of catalase activity in tissue extracts. Annals Biochemistry 34:30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(70)90083-7

Deodhar M, Black DS, Kumar M (2007). Acid catalyzed stereoselective rearrangement and dimerization of flavenes: synthesis of dependensin. Tetrahedron 63:5227-5235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.173

Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM (2009). Antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Sambucus ebulus L. flower. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences PJBS 12(5):447-450. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2009.447.450

Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemistry Pharmacology 7:88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9

Gill SS, Mamdani M, Naglie G (2005). A prescribing cascade involving cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergic drugs. Archives of Internal Medicine 165(7):808-813. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.7.808

Guo AJY, Xie HQ, Choin RCY (2010). Galangin, a flavonol derived from Rhizoma alpiniae officinarum, inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. Chemico-Biological Interactions 187(3):246-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2010.05.002

Gupta A, Behl T, Panichayupakaranan P (2019). A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology profile of Juglans regia. Obesity Medicine 16:100142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2019.100142

Halliwell BG (1993). Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine. Oxford: Clarendon, pp 419.

Hayes D, Angove MJ, Tucci J, Dennis C (2016). Walnuts (Juglans regia) chemical composition and research in human health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 56:1231-1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.760516

Heinrich M, Lee Teoh H (2004). Galanthamine from snowdrop-the development of a modern drug against Alzheimer’s disease from local Caucasian knowledge. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 92(2):147-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.02.012

Helou R, Rhalimi M (2010). Cholinesterase inhibitors and the risk of pulmonary disorders in hospitalized dementia patients. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology 17(3);e379-389. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21041864/

Hogan DB (2014). Long-term efficacy and toxicity of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 59(12):618-623. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F070674371405901202

Howes LG (2014). Cardiovascular effects of drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Safety 37(6):391-395. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-014-0161-z

Howes MJ, Houghton PJ (2003). Plant used in Chinese and Indian traditional medicine for improvement of memory and cognitive function. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 75:513-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00128-x

Katalinic M, Rusak G, Barovic JD (2010). Structural aspects of flavonoids as inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45(1):186-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.041

Khan MTH, Orhan I, Şenol FS (2009). Cholinesterase inhibitory activities of some flavonoid derivatives and chosen xanthone and their molecular docking studies. Chemico-Biological Interactions 181(3):383-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.024

Kim JW, Minamikawa T (1997). Hydroxyl radical-scavenging effects of spices and scavengers from brown mustard (Brassica nigra). Bioscience, Biotechnology Biochemistry 61(1):118-123. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.118

Kim JY, Lee WS, Kim YS (2011). Isolation of cholinesterase-inhibiting flavonoids from Morus lhou. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59(9):4589-4596. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf200423g

Knapp MJ, Knopman DS, Solomon PR, Pendlebury WW, Davis CS, Gracon SI (1994). A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 271(13):985-991. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1994.03510370037029

Kumar A, Sidhu J, Goyal A, Tsao JW (2022). Alzheimer Disease. Retrieved 2022 June 5 from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499922/

Liu RH (2013). Dietary bioactive compounds and their health implications. Journal of Food Science 78:A18-A25. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12101

Marcocci L, Maguire JJ, Droy-Lafaix MT, Packer L (1994). The nitric oxide-scavenging properties of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 201:748e755. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1994.1764

Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Fazelian M, Eslami B (2009). In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Diospyros lotus and Pyrus boissieriana growing in Iran. Pharmacy Magazine 5(18):122.

Nabavi SM, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Hamidinia A, Bekhradnia AR (2008). Determination of antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoids content of Parrotia persica Mey. Pharmacology Online 2(9):560-567.

Oladele JO, Oyeleke OM, Oladele OT, Oladiji AT (2021b). Covid-19 treatment: Investigation on the phytochemical constituents of Vernonia amygdalina as potential Coronavirus-2 inhibitors. Computational Toxicology 18:100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100161

Oladele JO, Ajayi EIO, Oyeleke OM, Oladele OT, Olowookere BD, Adeniyi BM, Oyewole OI, Oladiji AT (2020b). A systematic review on COVID-19 pandemic with special emphasis on curative potentials of medicinal plants. Heliyon 6:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04897

Oladele JO, Anyim JC, Oyeleke OM, Olowookere BD, Bamigboye MO, Oladele OO, Oladiji AT (2021). Telfairia occidentalis mitigates dextran sodium sulphate-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via suppression of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Journal of Food Biochemistry 45(9):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13873

Oladele JO, Oladele OT, Oyeleke OM (2021). Possible health benefits of polyphenols in neurological complications associated with COVID-19. Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 38:294-309. https://doi.org/10.5937/afmnai38-30190

Oladele JO, Oyeleke OM, Oladele OT, Olaniyan MD (2020). Neuroprotective mechanism of Vernonia amygdalina in a rat model of neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicology Report 7:1223-1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.005

Oladiji AT, Oladele JO (2023). Spices as potential human disease panacea. Chapter 16. In: Kambizi L, Bvenura C (Eds). Sustainable Uses and Prospects of Medicinal Plants. CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003206620-16

Osher E, Gary W, Rona L, Karen T (2006). Naftali stern. The 5-lipoxygenase system in the vasculature: Emerging role in health and disease. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 252:201-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2006.03.038

Owokotomo IA, Ekundayo O, Abayomi TG, Chukwuka AV (2015). In-vitro anti-cholinesterase activity of essential oil from four tropical medicinal plants. Toxicology Reports 2:850-857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.003

Oyedapo OO, Akinpelu BA, Akinwunmi KF, Adeyinka MO, Sipeolu FO (2010). Red blood cell membrane stabilizing potentials of extracts of Lantana camara and its fractions. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2(4):46-51.

Oyeleke OM, Bamigboye MO, Olowookere BD, Alabi KE, Oladele SK, Oladele JO (2021). Comparative studies on phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of methanol and ethylacetate extracts of Talinum triangulare. Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine 7(1):18-23.

Oyewole OI, Oladele JO, Oladele OT (2017). Methanolic leaf extract of Ficus exasperata leaf attenuates arsenate-mediated hepatic and renal oxidative stress in rats. Research Journal of Health Sciences 5(2):115-123. https://doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v5i2.7

Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, Rice Evans C (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 26:1231-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00315-3

Reuter S, Subash CG, Madan MC, Bharat B (2013). Aggarwal, oxidative stress inflammation, cancer: how are they linked? Free Radical Biology and Medicine 49:1603-1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006

Shahi Z, Sayyed-Alangi SZ, Najafian L (2020). Effects of enzyme type and process time on hydrolysis degree, electrophoresis bands and antioxidant properties of hydrolyzed proteins derived from defatted Bunium persicum Bioss. press cake. Heliyon 6(2):e03365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03365

Tamura BK, Masaki KH, Blanchette P (2007). Weight loss in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Nutrition for the Elderly 26(3):21-38. https://doi.org/10.1300/J052v26n03_02

Voet D, Voet JG (1995). Serine proteases. In: Biochemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2nd edition.

Wszelaki N, Kuciun A, Kiss A (2010). Screening of traditional European herbal medicines for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Acta Pharmaceutica 60:119-128. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10007-010-0006-y

Downloads

Published

2024-05-20

How to Cite

ADEBAYO, O. R., ADEGOKE, B. M., OLADELE, J. O., AFOLABI, F., EFUNWOLE, O. O., SHITTU, S. A., OYETADE, O. A., ADEDOKUN, A. A., ADEDAYO, O. A., & AROGUNDADE, L. A. (2024). Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of leaf extract of Juglans regia: Insight into the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 16(2), 11872. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16211872

Issue

Section

Research articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.55779/nsb16211872