Unveiling a rare case: cyclopia and its radiographic features in a non-descript primiparous heifer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16111648Keywords:
congenital anomaly, cyclopia, heifer, holoprosencephaly, radiographAbstract
Cyclopia, an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly, presents intricate deformities affecting the skull, orbits, brain, and nasal cavity, often featuring a singular or partially divided eye within a solitary orbit. Despite medical advancements, the precise etiology of cyclopia remains elusive, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential association with chromosomal aberrations. Timely detection of cyclopia is crucial for effective management and can be facilitated through ultrasonographic techniques. This case report provides a comprehensive exploration of cyclopia, elucidating both gross and radiographic features. Gross examination of the affected fetus unveiled a dysmorphic face characterized by a centrally located single eye, atresia of the nasal conchae, and micrognathia, collectively indicative of cyclopia. Radiographic analysis further revealed a small, severely deformed head, emphasizing malformations in the maxilla and the notable absence of frontal, nasal, and incisive bones. Synthesizing gross and radiographic observations, this report enhances the existing knowledge on this rare congenital anomaly, contributing to a deeper understanding of its complexities for veterinary healthcare professionals and researchers. Such insights are essential for advancing effective management strategies and fostering ongoing research in the realm of veterinary medicine.
Metrics
References
Barr JrM, Cohen JrMM (1999). Holoprosencephaly survival and performance. American Journal of Medical Genetics 89(2):116-120. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19990625)89:2%3C116::AID-AJMG10%3E3.0.CO;2-4
Barkovich AJ, Quint DJ (1993). Middle interhemispheric fusion: an unusual variant of holoprosencephaly. American Journal of Neuroradiology 14(2):431-40.
Belloni E, Muenke M, Roessler E, Traverso G, Siegel-Bartelt J, Frumkin A, … Hing AV (1996). Identification of Sonic hedgehog as a candidate gene responsible for holoprosencephaly. Nature Genetics 14(3):353-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1196-353
Benawra R, Mangurten HH, Duttell DR (1980). Cyclopia and other anomalies following maternal ingestion of salicylates. Journal of Pediatrics 96(6):1069-1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80645-7
Binns W, Anderson WA, Sullivan DJ (1960). Further observations on a congenital cyclopian-type malformation in lambs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 137:515-521. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1962.10663251
Binns W, Shupe JL, Keeler RF, James LF (1965). Chronologic evaluations of teratogenicity in sheep fed Veratrum californicum. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association 147(8):839-842.
Chakrabarti, A., Pal, A (1991). Cyclopia prostomus arrhynchus in a black Bengal goat. Indian Veterinary Journal 68(10):985-986.
Chiang C, Litingtung Y, Lee E, Young KE, Corden JL, Westphal H, Beachy PA (1996). Cyclopia and defective axial patterning in mice lacking Sonic Hedgehog gene function. Nature 383(6599):407-413. https://doi.org/10.1038/383407a0
Cohen MM, Jirasek JE, Guzman RT, Gorlin RJ, Peterson MQ (1971). Holoprosencephaly and facial dysmorphia: nosology, etiology and pathogenesis. Birth Defects 7(7):125-135.
De Amicis I, Marruchella G, Mariani C, Contri A, Robbe D, Carluccio A (2019). Cyclopia, cerebral aplasia and hydrocephalus in an equine foetus. Large Animal Review 25(6):251-252.
Dennis SM, Leipold HW (1979). Ovine congenital defects. Veterinary Bulletin 49(4):233-239.
Diogo R, Razmadze D, Siomava N, Douglas N, Fuentes JS, Duerinckx A (2019). Musculoskeletal study of cebocephalic and cyclopic lamb heads illuminates links between normal and abnormal development, evolution and human pathologies. Scientific Reports 9(1):991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37735-9
Dubourg C, Bendavid C, Pasquier L, Henry C, Odent S, David V (2007). Holoprosencephaly. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases 2(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-2-8
Evans HE (1987). Cyclopia, situs inversus and widely patent ductus arteriosus in a new-born pig, Sus scrofa. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 16(3):221-226.
Filly RA, Chinn DH, Callen PW (1984). Alobar holoprosencephaly: ultrasonographic prenatal diagnosis. Radiology 151(2):455-459. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.151.2.6709918
James LF, Panter KE, Gaffield W, Molyneux RJ, Weinzweig J (2004). Poisonous plant research: Biomedical applications. Poisonous Plants and Related Toxins 361-376. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0308206
Kruszka P, Muenke M (2018). Syndromes associated with holoprosencephaly. In: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics 178(2):229-237). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31620
Leipold HW (1986). Neonatal disease and disease management, congenital defects in cattle. In: Howard JL (Ed). Current Veterinary Therapy 2: Food Animal Practice. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company pp 89-98.
Lievaart-Peterson K, Luttikholt S, Peperkamp K, Van den Brom R, Vellema P (2015). Schmallenberg disease in sheep or goats: past, present and future. Veterinary Microbiology 181(1-2):147-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.005
Mandara MT, Cantile C, Baroni M, Bernardini M (2011). Lesioni malformative. In: Neuropatologia e Neuroimaging, 1st Ed., Ed: Polet- to Editore, Vermezzo (Milan, Italy) pp 176-198.
Mollica F, Pavone L, Sorge G (1981). Maternal drug ingestion and cyclopia. The Journal of Pediatrics 98(4):680. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80823-2
Mota PLM, de Paula Sá F, de Moura LC, de Araújo LN, Cohen NSZ, Ferrer DMV (2021). Cyclopia in goat (Capra aegagrus Hircus): case report. Brazilian Journal of Development 7(11):109442-109448. https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n11-528
Noden DM, De Lahunta A (1985). The embryology of domestic animals, developmental mechanisms and malformations. In: Stamathis G (Ed). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins pp 1-8.
O’Rahilly R, Müller F (1989). Interpretation of some median anomalies as illustrated by cyclopia and symmelia. Teratology 40(5):409-421. https://doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420400502
Pacheco AM, Hamzé AL, Mariano RSG (2011). Ciclopia em bovinos - relato de caso. Revista Científica Eletrônica de Medicina Veterinária 16:1-5.
Raam MS, Solomon BD, Muenke M (2011). Holoprosencephaly. A guide to diagnosis and clinical management. Indian Pediatrics 48(6):457-66.
Rashed R, Al-kafafy M, Abdellah B, Sharshar A, Shoghy K, Erasha A, Imagawa T (2014). Cyclopia of goat: micro and macroscopic, radiographic and computed tomographic studies. Alexandria Journal for Veterinary Sciences 42(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.160267
Roberts SJ (1986). Veterinary Obstetric and Genital Disease (Theriogenology). Vermont pp 51-91.
Roach E, Demyer W, Conneally PM, Palmer C, Merritt AD (1975). Holoprosencephaly: birth data, genetic and demographic analyses of 30 families. Birth Defects Original Article Series 11(2):294-313.
Solomon BD, Mercier S, Vélez JI, Pineda-Alvarez DE, Wyllie A, Zhou N (2010). Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations in human holoprosencephaly. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics 154(1):133-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.30240
Singh S, Sharma K, Agarwal A, Kalra A (2018). Cyclopia-otocephaly-agnathia-synotiaastomia complex: a case report. Journal of Clinical Neonatology 7(3):177. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcn.JCN_23_18
Singh G, Pandey AK, Agnihotri D, Dutt R, Kumar R, Kumar S, Potalia S (2012). Cebocephalus (cyclopia) monster in a mare. Indian Veterinary Journal 89(11):80-81.
Thippeswamy T, Prasad RV, Kakade K (1996). A clinical case of cyclopia prostomus arrhynchus in a buffalo calf (Bubalus bubalis). Indian Veterinary Journal 73(4):674-676.
Wilson WG, Shanks DE, Sudduth KW, Couper KA, McIlhenny J (1989). Holoprosencephaly and interstitial deletion of 2 (p2101 p2109). American Journal of Medical Genetics 34(2):252-254. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320340226

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 R. SURESHKUMAR, Akhter RASOOL, T. SARATH, C. PUGAZHARASI, K. KRISHNAKUMAR

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Papers published in Notulae Scientia Biologicae are Open-Access, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
© Articles by the authors; licensee SMTCT, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright/to retain publishing rights without restriction.
License:
Open Access Journal - the journal offers free, immediate, and unrestricted access to peer-reviewed research and scholarly work, due SMTCT supports to increase the visibility, accessibility and reputation of the researchers, regardless of geography and their budgets. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.